Human Population

CBR- crude birth rate- kids being born per 1000 people

CDR- crude death rate- people dying per 1000 people

TFR- total fertility rate- average amount of children a woman has

Replacement Level Fertility- 2.1 amount of children a mother must have to replace themselves

Population Momentum- a rapid growing population that levels off by lowering the tfr but still experiences growth for a little time longer

Net Migration Rate- immigration minus emigration

Family Planning- controlling the number of children born on intervals

Affluence- abundant wealth

IPAT equation- impact= population + affluence + technology

GDP- gross domestic product

Population Pyramid-

Countries have a bigger environmental impact as they transition through stages. As a country transitions from stage 1 to 2, it has more reliance on agricultural productivity. The environmental impact of this transition is that it uses more of the land at a higher level in order to sustain the population. When a country transitions from stage 2 to 3 it becomes more industrialized. Also the life expectancy of children increases therefore there is a higher population to tend to. When there is a high population to tend to, higher people use materials that cause harm to the environment. Industrialization and Urbanization also leads to harm of the environment. It has a greater effect than that of stage 1 to 2. When the country moves from stage 3 to 4, it has the highest ecological footprint. Because of its high populations, its greater consumption of food, and immense use of fossil fuels, this stage creates the most harmful environmental impact.

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/22/opinion/chinas-brutal-one-child-policy.html

The article states that the one-child policy is a harmful one. It strains the poor and the women. It creates a situation in which the family can only have one child, and usually will abort or discard it if its a girl. It provides them with moral decisions that change their course towards a wrong choice. The pros of this policy is that it is stopping overpopulation. It allows the Chinese land mass to support the people already there and the people being born at a steady rate, instead of overpopulating the country. The cons of this are huge. Women have the highest suicide rate here in China because of this policy. Also it strains the poor at extremes. In order to get out of this policy, people must pay a a huge fine and such fine the poor cannot pay, so the rich get out, but the poor are stuck with dealing with abortion or running off to have children illegally. It is a harmful policy that has created a large strain on China.

Human Impact: Humans have the biggest impact on everything. We are the population that uses the Earth's resources to our own use. Because of our high population, we are slowly approaching overpopulation. If we reach this, then we will hit our carrying capacity according to the resources that surround us and we will have less and less materials to support us. Humans also cause a ton of pollution as countries move from demographic stages. Because they have moved passed the sustainability of life, they start moving towards luxury and other uses of the resources, such as fossil fuels and cars. These things are a direct release of bad chemicals into the air that cause pollution and it all starts from human invention and use. 

Environmental Impact: As countries progress through the demographic stages, they start to have a higher ecological footprint. The impact on the environment gets higher and higher. This happens because people start to move away from sustaining a future to live, to a more industrialized and urban society in which resources are used to benefit humans, but also tend to pollute the earth. The environment is impacted at its greatest in developing countries because they tend to use resources without caution. They use these resources because they are not stable as developed countries which know how to use the resources at the correct level and with regulations. 

Economic Impact: An increased population can have a large economic affect. The more people the more use of resources that need to be produced and paid for. As people start to live longer and need more, more and more agriculture will be needed to support them. This growth in agriculture will mean more money towards paying for food. A benefit of a greater population is a larger workforce. This workforce can produce higher goods and promote higher intellectuality. 

Government Legislation: In China there is the one-child policy limiting mothers to only have one child to stop the growing population of the country. It allows China to save itself from the future population by stopping the growth now in order to save resources and stabilize their use. The Title X family program also affects the people in the United States. Its a program, mainly for low-income families, that assists families by giving them advice on when to have children and what is the best outcome. This is somewhat of a way to limit birth of children, by giving advice to low-income families, but at the same time it benefits them by giving them the best outcome of having a child.